Madagascar energy mix & electricity
Power plants in Madagascar produced 2.4 TWh of electricity in 2024. Oil is the largest source at 37%, ahead of hydropower (37%) and coal (20.6%).
Electricity generation by source in 2024
Share of electricity generation by source, with the change in percentage points over the last ten years.
| Source | TWh | Share | 10-yr Δ pp |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oil | 0.9 | 37% | −4.8 |
| Hydro | 0.9 | 37% | −14.1 |
| Coal | 0.5 | 20.6% | +15.3 |
| Solar | 0.1 | 4.1% | +3.5 |
| Bioenergy | 0.03 | 1.2% | +0.1 |
| Total | 2.43 | 100% |
Madagascar: electricity in context
Power plants in Madagascar produced 2.4 TWh of electricity in 2024. That is similar to Montenegro. Oil is the largest source at 37%, ahead of hydropower (37%) and coal (20.6%).
The renewable share stood at 42.4%, placing Madagascar 72nd of 158 ranked countries. This puts it 9 points above the world average of 33.8%. It is also above the average for Africa (24.7%). Generating one kWh emits about 432 g CO₂e here (world average: 458 g). That makes the grid somewhat cleaner than the world average. On carbon intensity, Madagascar ranks 82nd of 158 from the cleanest.
Over the past decade coal added more generation than any other source (+410 GWh since 2014, plus 15.3 percentage points of share). The net effect: renewables lost 10.5 percentage points of share since 2014. Total generation grew by 710 GWh over the same period. Carbon intensity, however, rose from 331 to 432 g/kWh (+30%).
Against the global trend, coal’s share has risen by 15.3 percentage points in ten years, to 20.6%.
Wind and solar together provided 4.1% of electricity (solar 4.1%, wind 0%), compared with 17.3% worldwide. Solar first passed 1% of the mix in 2015.
Madagascar generates 76 kWh of electricity per resident each year, 2% of the global average. Madagascar does not trade electricity with other countries: the grid is not interconnected with any neighbour.
How the power mix has changed
Electricity generation by source since 2000. Switch to shares to see the structural shift independent of demand growth.
Renewables and carbon intensity
Madagascar against the world and Africa averages.
Power plants in Madagascar
The WRI Global Power Plant Database lists 12 utility-scale plants in Madagascar with a combined capacity of 0.4 GW. Coal plants account for the largest slice (33% of listed capacity). The biggest single plant is Ambatovy (120 MW, Coal). The database was last updated in 2021, so newer wind and solar farms and rooftop PV are under-represented.
Largest power plants
| # | Plant | Fuel | Capacity MW | Commissioned | Owner |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ambatovy | Coal | 120 | — | — |
| 2 | Andekaleka | Hydro | 58 | — | — |
| 3 | Mandroseza | Oil | 40 | — | — |
| 4 | Ambatolampy | Solar | 25 | — | — |
| 5 | La Mandraka | Hydro | 24 | — | — |
| 6 | Ambohimanambola | Oil | 20 | — | — |
| 7 | Tamatave | Gas | 17 | — | — |
| 8 | Sahanivotry | Hydro | 17 | — | HYDELEC Madagascar SA |
| 9 | Majunga | Oil | 13 | — | — |
| 10 | Toliary (Tulear) | Gas | 13 | — | — |
| 11 | Antelomita | Hydro | 9 | — | — |
| 12 | Tsiazompaniry | Hydro | 5 | — | HENRI FRAISE FILS & CIE |
Source: WRI Global Power Plant Database v1.3 (CC BY 4.0). Explore all 12 plants on the interactive power plant map.
Solar & wind farms: Madagascar
22 utility-scale facilities tracked by Global Energy Monitor (2026): 92 MW of solar and 16 MW of wind operating, plus 703 MW under construction or planned.
How does Madagascar compare?
Madagascar next to 6 neighbouring countries, plus regional and world averages. Click a column to sort; use “Compare” for full side-by-side charts.
| Country | Renewable % | Low-carbon % | Fossil % | gCO₂/kWh | kWh / person | Generation TWh | Mix | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Madagascar | 42.4% | 42.4% | 57.6% | 432 | 76 | 2.4 | — | |
| Réunion | 56.7% | 56.7% | 43.3% | 394 | 3,509 | 3.1 | Compare | |
| Mauritius | 17.9% | 17.9% | 82.1% | 642 | 2,683 | 3.4 | Compare | |
| Mozambique | 83.4% | 83.4% | 16.6% | 129 | 571 | 19.8 | Compare | |
| Malawi | 95.6% | 95.6% | 4.4% | 55 | 85 | 1.8 | Compare | |
| Eswatini | 96.7% | 96.7% | 3.3% | 131 | 491 | 0.6 | Compare | |
| Zimbabwe | 57.1% | 57.1% | 42.9% | 384 | 617 | 10.3 | Compare | |
| Africa average | 24.7% | 25.5% | 74.5% | 544 | 635 | 962 | Compare | |
| World average | 33.8% | 42.6% | 57.4% | 458 | 3,860 | 31,772 | Compare |
Calculators for Madagascar
Madagascar energy: frequently asked questions
What percentage of electricity in Madagascar is renewable?
What is the main source of electricity in Madagascar?
How clean is the electricity in Madagascar?
Does Madagascar have nuclear power?
How much electricity does Madagascar use per person?
How much solar power does Madagascar produce?
More countries in Africa
Sources & references
- Our World in Data: Energy dataset (CC BY 4.0) — compiled from the sources below
- Ember: Yearly Electricity Data — generation, shares, carbon intensity
- Energy Institute: Statistical Review of World Energy — primary energy, fossil production
- U.S. Energy Information Administration: International Energy Data — gap-filling for smaller countries
- World Resources Institute: Global Power Plant Database v1.3 (CC BY 4.0) — power plant locations and capacity
Electricity data: Ember and Energy Institute Statistical Review via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0); latest year 2024. Power plants: WRI Global Power Plant Database (CC BY 4.0). Rankings exclude systems under 1 TWh and values older than 2020. Figures may be revised by the original publishers.