Romania energy mix & electricity
Electricity generation in Romania reached 49.8 TWh in 2025. It is a notably diversified system: no single source supplies more than 24%, with hydropower (24.3%), nuclear power (20.5%) and natural gas (18.7%) all playing major roles.
Electricity generation by source in 2025
Share of electricity generation by source, with the change in percentage points over the last ten years.
| Source | TWh | Share | 10-yr Δ pp |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hydro | 12.09 | 24.3% | −1.1 |
| Nuclear | 10.2 | 20.5% | +2.8 |
| Gas | 9.32 | 18.7% | +4.4 |
| Coal | 6.68 | 13.4% | −14.2 |
| Wind | 5.97 | 12% | +1.2 |
| Solar | 4.88 | 9.8% | +6.8 |
| Bioenergy | 0.49 | 1% | +0.2 |
| Oil | 0.18 | 0.4% | −0.1 |
| Total | 49.81 | 100% |
Romania: electricity in context
Electricity generation in Romania reached 49.8 TWh in 2025. That is similar to Portugal. It is a notably diversified system: no single source supplies more than 24%, with hydropower (24.3%), nuclear power (20.5%) and natural gas (18.7%) all playing major roles.
The renewable share stood at 47%, placing Romania 66th of 158 ranked countries. This puts it 13 points above the world average of 33.8%. It is also above the average for Europe (41.6%). The EU-27 average is higher, at 47.7%. Because nuclear contributes another 20.5%, the low-carbon share is considerably higher, at 67.5%. Each kilowatt-hour emitted on average 251 g CO₂e, against a world average of 458 g. The grid is comfortably cleaner than the world average. On carbon intensity, Romania ranks 53rd of 158 from the cleanest.
The decade’s big winner is solar power, up 2.9 TWh between 2015 and 2025 (plus 6.8 percentage points of the mix). Coal moved the other way, falling by 11.5 TWh. Taken together, the renewable share rose by 7.2 percentage points over the decade. Total generation shrank by 15.9 TWh over the same period. Carbon intensity dropped from 369 to 251 g/kWh, a 32% cut.
Coal is in clear retreat: its share fell from 27.6% in 2015 to 13.4% in 2025, after peaking at 42.6% back in 2003. In absolute terms, coal generation peaked in 2008 at 25.8 TWh and has since fallen 74%.
Wind and solar together provided 21.8% of electricity (solar 9.8%, wind 12%), compared with 17.3% worldwide. Per person, that is 258 kWh of solar electricity a year, versus a global average of 338 kWh. Wind adds 316 kWh per person. Solar first passed 1% of the mix in 2014.
Romania generates 2,634 kWh of electricity per resident each year, 68% of the global average. Imports cover around 8% of demand: Romania bought 4.6 TWh more electricity than it exported.
How the power mix has changed
Electricity generation by source since 1990. Switch to shares to see the structural shift independent of demand growth.
Renewables and carbon intensity
Romania against the world, Europe and EU-27 averages.
Total energy: beyond electricity
Primary energy covers transport, heating and industry too. Renewables supply 19.1% of primary energy and fossil fuels 73.3% (2024). Per person, that is 18,694 kWh a year (world: 21,654).
Substitution method: non-fossil electricity is converted to the primary energy a fossil plant would have needed.
Domestic extraction of coal, gas and oil, in energy terms.
Power plants in Romania
The WRI Global Power Plant Database lists 68 utility-scale plants in Romania with a combined capacity of 14.6 GW. Coal plants account for the largest slice (40% of listed capacity). The biggest single plant is Turceni power station (1,650 MW, Coal). The database was last updated in 2021, so newer wind and solar farms and rooftop PV are under-represented.
Largest power plants
| # | Plant | Fuel | Capacity MW | Commissioned | Owner |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Turceni power station | Coal | 1,650 | 1983 | Complexul Energetic Oltenia SA |
| 2 | Rovinari power station | Coal | 1,320 | 1977 | CE Oltenia Complexul Energetic |
| 3 | NPP Cernavoda | Nuclear | 1,298 | — | — |
| 4 | HPP Portile de Fier I | Hydro | 1,161 | 1972 | — |
| 5 | Mintia-Deva power station | Coal | 1,075 | 1976 | SC Complex Energetic Hunedoara |
| 6 | TPP CCCC Petrom Brazi | Gas | 860 | 2012 | — |
| 7 | TPP Iernut | Gas | 751 | — | — |
| 8 | Isalnita power station | Coal | 630 | 1988 | SC Complexul Energetic Craiova |
| 9 | HPP Lotru | Hydro | 509 | — | — |
| 10 | TPP Braila | Gas | 413 | — | — |
| 11 | TPP Galati | Gas | 346 | — | — |
| 12 | HPP Raul Mare | Hydro | 335 | 1986 | — |
| 13 | TPP Drobeta | Coal | 313 | — | — |
| 14 | TPP Bucuresti Vest | Gas | 298 | — | — |
| 15 | TPP Bucuresti Sud | Gas | 280 | — | — |
Source: WRI Global Power Plant Database v1.3 (CC BY 4.0). Explore all 68 plants on the interactive power plant map.
Solar & wind farms: Romania
603 utility-scale facilities tracked by Global Energy Monitor (2026): 3.5 GW of solar and 5.4 GW of wind operating, plus 9.8 GW under construction or planned.
How does Romania compare?
Romania next to 6 neighbouring countries, plus regional and world averages. Click a column to sort; use “Compare” for full side-by-side charts.
| Country | Renewable % | Low-carbon % | Fossil % | gCO₂/kWh | kWh / person | Generation TWh | Mix | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Romania | 47% | 67.5% | 32.5% | 251 | 2,634 | 49.8 | — | |
| Ukraine | 16.4% | 72.2% | 27.8% | 250 | 2,717 | 112 | Compare | |
| Hungary | 35.3% | 75.3% | 24.7% | 163 | 4,178 | 40.2 | Compare | |
| Bulgaria | 32.8% | 71.9% | 28.1% | 276 | 5,653 | 38 | Compare | |
| Serbia | 27.8% | 27.8% | 72.2% | 696 | 5,475 | 36.6 | Compare | |
| Moldova | 11.2% | 11.2% | 88.8% | 633 | 2,056 | 6.2 | Compare | |
| Slovakia | 18.7% | 85.2% | 14.8% | 95 | 5,315 | 29.1 | Compare | |
| Europe average | 41.6% | 62% | 38% | 271 | 6,203 | 4,626 | Compare | |
| European Union (EU-27) average | 47.7% | 71.1% | 28.9% | 210 | 6,230 | 2,797 | Compare | |
| World average | 33.8% | 42.6% | 57.4% | 458 | 3,860 | 31,772 | Compare |
Calculators for Romania
Romania energy: frequently asked questions
What percentage of electricity in Romania is renewable?
What is the main source of electricity in Romania?
How clean is the electricity in Romania?
Does Romania use nuclear power?
How much electricity does Romania use per person?
How much solar power does Romania produce?
Does Romania import electricity?
More countries in Europe
Sources & references
- Our World in Data: Energy dataset (CC BY 4.0) — compiled from the sources below
- Ember: Yearly Electricity Data — generation, shares, carbon intensity
- Energy Institute: Statistical Review of World Energy — primary energy, fossil production
- U.S. Energy Information Administration: International Energy Data — gap-filling for smaller countries
- World Resources Institute: Global Power Plant Database v1.3 (CC BY 4.0) — power plant locations and capacity
Electricity data: Ember and Energy Institute Statistical Review via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0); latest year 2025. Power plants: WRI Global Power Plant Database (CC BY 4.0). Rankings exclude systems under 1 TWh and values older than 2020. Figures may be revised by the original publishers.