Finland energy mix & electricity
In 2025, Finland generated 82.3 TWh of electricity. The biggest single contributor is nuclear power with 39.9%; wind power adds 27.4% and hydropower 15.1%.
Electricity generation by source in 2025
Share of electricity generation by source, with the change in percentage points over the last ten years.
| Source | TWh | Share | 10-yr Δ pp |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nuclear | 32.82 | 39.9% | +6 |
| Wind | 22.58 | 27.4% | +24 |
| Hydro | 12.44 | 15.1% | −9.3 |
| Bioenergy | 10.34 | 12.6% | −4.1 |
| Oil | 1.9 | 2.3% | −4.3 |
| Solar | 0.98 | 1.2% | +1.2 |
| Gas | 0.95 | 1.2% | −6.4 |
| Coal | 0.16 | 0.2% | −7.3 |
| Other renewables | 0.13 | 0.2% | +0.2 |
| Total | 82.3 | 100% |
Finland: electricity in context
In 2025, Finland generated 82.3 TWh of electricity. That puts it in the same league as Israel. The biggest single contributor is nuclear power with 39.9%; wind power adds 27.4% and hydropower 15.1%.
The renewable share stood at 56.5%, placing Finland 54th of 158 ranked countries. That is 23 points above the world average of 33.8%. It is also above the average for Europe (41.6%). That beats the EU-27 average of 47.7%. Add nuclear power (39.9%) and low-carbon sources reach 96.3% of generation. The carbon intensity of electricity is 57 g CO₂e/kWh; the global average is 458 g/kWh. That makes it one of the cleanest power grids anywhere. In the cleanest-grid ranking, Finland is 15th of 158.
Since 2015, the fastest-growing source has been wind power: its output rose by 20.3 TWh, lifting its share by 24 percentage points. The biggest decline came from coal (−5 TWh). The net effect: renewables gained 12 percentage points of share since 2015. Total generation grew by 13.7 TWh over the same period. Carbon intensity dropped from 182 to 57 g/kWh, a 68% cut.
Coal is effectively gone from the grid, down from a peak of 22.8% in 2003.
Solar (1.2%) and wind (27.4%) now add up to 28.6% of generation; the global figure is 17.3%. Per person, that is 174 kWh of solar electricity a year, versus a global average of 338 kWh. Wind adds 4,015 kWh per person, the 1st-highest figure of 156 countries.
Generation per person is 14,635 kWh a year, 3.8× the world average of 3,860 kWh. Finland is a net importer of electricity, buying 5.5 TWh more than it sells, about 6% of its demand.
How the power mix has changed
Electricity generation by source since 1990. Switch to shares to see the structural shift independent of demand growth.
Renewables and carbon intensity
Finland against the world, Europe and EU-27 averages.
Total energy: beyond electricity
Primary energy covers transport, heating and industry too. Renewables supply 38.9% of primary energy and fossil fuels 36.8% (2024). Per person, that is 59,565 kWh a year (world: 21,654).
Substitution method: non-fossil electricity is converted to the primary energy a fossil plant would have needed.
Power plants in Finland
The 185 power plants recorded in Finland add up to 11.8 GW of capacity, 23% of it Nuclear. The largest is Olkiluoto 1 at 1,760 MW. The database was last updated in 2021, so newer wind and solar farms and rooftop PV are under-represented.
Largest power plants
| # | Plant | Fuel | Capacity MW | Commissioned | Owner |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Olkiluoto 1 | Nuclear | 1,760 | — | Teollisuuden Voima Oyj |
| 2 | Loviisa Y1 | Nuclear | 992 | — | Fortum Power & Heat Power |
| 3 | Meri-Pori | Coal | 565 | — | Fortum Power & Heat Generation |
| 4 | Vuosaari B | Gas | 485 | — | Helsingin Energia |
| 5 | Forssa kt | Oil | 333 | — | Fingrid Oyj |
| 6 | Naantali G1 2 ja 3 | Gas | 290 | — | Turun Seudun Energiantuotanto Oy |
| 7 | Vaskiluoto 2 | Coal | 230 | — | Vaskiluodon Voima Oy |
| 8 | Hanasaari B | Coal | 212 | — | Helsingin Energia |
| 9 | Toppila 1 ja 2 | Biomass | 195 | — | Oulun Energia |
| 10 | Imatra | Hydro | 192 | — | Fortum Power & Heat OY |
| 11 | Naistenlahti 2 | Gas | 191 | — | Tampereen Sähkölaitos |
| 12 | Huutokoski kt | Oil | 180 | — | Fingrid Oyj |
| 13 | Martinlaakso | Gas | 172 | — | Vantaan Energia Oy |
| 14 | Suomenoja power station | Coal | 170 | 1981 | Fortum Oyj |
| 15 | Salmisaari B | Coal | 163 | — | Helsingin Energia |
Source: WRI Global Power Plant Database v1.3 (CC BY 4.0). Explore all 185 plants on the interactive power plant map.
Solar & wind farms: Finland
503 utility-scale facilities tracked by Global Energy Monitor (2026): 219 MW of solar and 8.4 GW of wind operating, plus 48.2 GW under construction or planned.
How does Finland compare?
Finland next to 6 neighbouring countries, plus regional and world averages. Click a column to sort; use “Compare” for full side-by-side charts.
| Country | Renewable % | Low-carbon % | Fossil % | gCO₂/kWh | kWh / person | Generation TWh | Mix | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Finland | 56.5% | 96.3% | 3.7% | 57 | 14,635 | 82.3 | — | |
| Russia | 17.4% | 35.7% | 64.3% | 450 | 8,283 | 1,193 | Compare | |
| Sweden | 71.2% | 98.8% | 1.2% | 35 | 16,019 | 171 | Compare | |
| Norway | 99% | 99% | 1% | 28 | 28,598 | 161 | Compare | |
| Estonia | 59.6% | 59.6% | 40.4% | 319 | 4,545 | 6.1 | Compare | |
| Latvia | 73% | 73% | 27% | 139 | 3,383 | 6.3 | Compare | |
| Lithuania | 77.6% | 77.6% | 22.4% | 138 | 3,141 | 8.9 | Compare | |
| Europe average | 41.6% | 62% | 38% | 271 | 6,203 | 4,626 | Compare | |
| European Union (EU-27) average | 47.7% | 71.1% | 28.9% | 210 | 6,230 | 2,797 | Compare | |
| World average | 33.8% | 42.6% | 57.4% | 458 | 3,860 | 31,772 | Compare |
Calculators for Finland
Finland energy: frequently asked questions
What percentage of electricity in Finland is renewable?
What is the main source of electricity in Finland?
How clean is the electricity in Finland?
Does Finland use nuclear power?
How much electricity does Finland use per person?
How much solar power does Finland produce?
Does Finland import electricity?
More countries in Europe
Sources & references
- Our World in Data: Energy dataset (CC BY 4.0) — compiled from the sources below
- Ember: Yearly Electricity Data — generation, shares, carbon intensity
- Energy Institute: Statistical Review of World Energy — primary energy, fossil production
- U.S. Energy Information Administration: International Energy Data — gap-filling for smaller countries
- World Resources Institute: Global Power Plant Database v1.3 (CC BY 4.0) — power plant locations and capacity
Electricity data: Ember and Energy Institute Statistical Review via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0); latest year 2025. Power plants: WRI Global Power Plant Database (CC BY 4.0). Rankings exclude systems under 1 TWh and values older than 2020. Figures may be revised by the original publishers.