Continent profile · latest data 2025 · 42 countries

Europe energy mix & electricity

In 2025, Europe generated 4.63 PWh of electricity, 15% of the global total. Natural gas was the largest source (24.3%), followed by nuclear power (20.4%) and hydropower (15.7%). Renewables supplied 41.6% versus 33.8% globally, and low-carbon sources including nuclear 62%.

Gas 24.3%Nuclear 20.4%Hydro 15.7%Wind 12.7%Coal 11.2%Solar 8.7%Bioenergy 4.3%Oil 2.6%

Renewable electricity

41.6%

+13.5 pp in 10 yrs

Low-carbon incl. nuclear

62%

Carbon intensity

271g/kWh

World 458 g

Electricity per person

6,203kWh

World 3,860 kWh

Generation

4.63PWh

−157 TWh vs 2015

Electricity by source in 2025

Europe electricity mix 2025

Source	TWh	Share	10-yr Δ pp
Gas	1,126	24.3%	+1.8
Nuclear	944	20.4%	−3.9
Hydro	728	15.7%	+0.5
Wind	585	12.7%	+6.2
Coal	516	11.2%	−10.7
Solar	401	8.7%	+6.4
Bioenergy	200	4.3%	+0.6
Oil	118	2.6%	−0.7
Other renewables	8	0.2%	−0.1

Europe in context

Since 2015, solar power has grown the most (+291 TWh), followed by wind power (+278 TWh). Coal declined by 529 TWh over the same period. The renewable share rose by 13.5 percentage points over the decade. Average carbon intensity is 271 g CO₂e/kWh, down 95 g from 2015. Coal’s share peaked at 27.5% in 2003 and stands at 11.2% today.

Across the region, Albania has the highest renewable share (100%) and Belarus the lowest (4.8%). The three largest producers, Russia, France, and Germany, account for about 49% of all generation in Europe, so their choices largely set the regional trend.

Electricity generation since 2000

Electricity generation by source

Renewables and carbon intensity

Renewable share of electricity (%)

Carbon intensity (g CO₂e/kWh)

Solar and wind share since 2000 (%)

Primary energy consumption

All energy used across transport, heat, industry and power. Fossil fuels supply 73.8% and renewables 17.8% of the total.

Primary energy by source (TWh, substitution method)

Countries in Europe ranked by renewable share

Sorted by renewable share of electricity; click any column to re-sort. Small systems below 1 TWh are listed here but left out of the world rankings.

#	Country	Renewable %	Low-carbon %	gCO₂/kWh	kWh / person	Generation TWh
1	Albania	100%	100%	25	2,987	8.3
2	Iceland	100%	100%	28	48,424	19.1
3	Norway	99%	99%	28	28,598	161
4	Luxembourg	91.6%	91.6%	123	2,263	1.5
5	Denmark	91.2%	91.2%	114	5,548	33.3
6	Austria	83.6%	83.6%	117	8,034	73.2
7	Portugal	81%	81%	128	4,911	51.1
8	Lithuania	77.6%	77.6%	138	3,141	8.9
9	Croatia	76.3%	76.3%	159	3,820	14.7
10	Montenegro	75.6%	75.6%	264	3,888	2.5
11	Latvia	73%	73%	139	3,383	6.3
12	Sweden	71.2%	98.8%	35	16,019	171
13	Switzerland	67.8%	97.7%	39	7,251	65
14	Estonia	59.6%	59.6%	319	4,545	6.1
15	Germany	59.1%	59.1%	330	5,953	500
16	Finland	56.5%	96.3%	57	14,635	82.3
17	Spain	55.9%	74.6%	154	6,012	288
18	United Kingdom	52%	64.4%	217	4,203	292
19	Netherlands	51.2%	54.2%	254	7,356	135
20	Greece	49.7%	49.7%	315	5,863	58.3
21	Italy	48.8%	48.8%	285	4,475	265
22	Ireland	48.1%	48.1%	257	5,831	31
23	North Macedonia	47.2%	47.2%	441	3,760	6.8
24	Romania	47%	67.5%	251	2,634	49.8
25	Faroe Islands	46.9%	46.9%	347	8,952	0.5
26	Bosnia and Herzegovina	43.6%	43.6%	571	4,599	14.4
27	Slovenia	39.6%	78.9%	183	7,010	14.8
28	Belgium	38.9%	72%	150	6,199	72.9
29	Hungary	35.3%	75.3%	163	4,178	40.2
30	Bulgaria	32.8%	71.9%	276	5,653	38
31	Poland	31.5%	31.5%	589	4,543	173
32	Serbia	27.8%	27.8%	696	5,475	36.6
33	Cyprus	27.8%	27.8%	489	4,312	5.9
34	France	26.1%	94.9%	41	8,552	570
35	Slovakia	18.7%	85.2%	95	5,315	29.1
36	Russia	17.4%	35.7%	450	8,283	1,193
37	Czechia	16.8%	59.2%	401	7,116	75.5
38	Ukraine	16.4%	72.2%	250	2,717	112
39	Malta	16%	16%	484	4,015	2.2
40	Moldova	11.2%	11.2%	633	2,056	6.2
41	Belarus	4.8%	41.4%	309	5,154	46.4
42	Gibraltar	0%	0%	591	5,591	0.2

Europe energy: frequently asked questions

What share of electricity in Europe is renewable?

41.6% in 2025: hydro 15.7%, wind 12.7%, solar 8.7%, and bioenergy 4.3%.

What is the largest source of electricity in Europe?

Natural gas, with 24.3% of generation in 2025.

What is the carbon intensity of electricity in Europe?

About 271 g CO₂-equivalent per kWh in 2025.

How much electricity is generated per person in Europe?

About 6,203 kWh per person per year (2025).

How much electricity in Europe comes from solar and wind?

Solar supplied 8.7% and wind 12.7% in 2025, 21.3% combined, up from 8.7% ten years earlier.

Other regions & groups

World 34%Africa 25%Asia 27%North America 29%South America 77%Oceania 41%European Union (EU-27) 48%High-income countries 31%Upper-middle-income countries 34%Lower-middle-income countries 26%Low-income countries 64%

Sources & references

Our World in Data: Energy dataset (CC BY 4.0) — compiled from the sources below
Ember: Yearly Electricity Data — generation, shares, carbon intensity
Energy Institute: Statistical Review of World Energy — primary energy, fossil production
U.S. Energy Information Administration: International Energy Data — gap-filling for smaller countries