Country energy profile · South-Eastern Asia · latest data 2025

Thailand energy mix & electricity

Power plants in Thailand produced 188 TWh of electricity in 2025. Natural gas dominates the mix with 65.5%, followed by coal at 17.8% and bioenergy at 5.4%.

Gas 65.5%Coal 17.8%Bioenergy 5.4%Solar 5.3%Hydro 4%Wind 1.8%

Renewable electricity

16.6%

16.6% low-carbon incl. nuclear

#119 of 158

Carbon intensity

546g/kWh

World 458 g

#111 of 158 cleanest

Electricity per person

2,628kWh

World 3,860 kWh

#92 of 158

Generation

188TWh

+10.4 TWh vs 2015

#26 of 213

Net imports

37TWh

16% of demand

#2 of 80 importers

Electricity generation by source in 2025

Share of electricity generation by source, with the change in percentage points over the last ten years.

Thailand electricity mix 2025

Source	TWh	Share	10-yr Δ pp
Gas	123	65.5%	−6.8
Coal	33.56	17.8%	−1.6
Bioenergy	10.19	5.4%	+1.3
Solar	9.98	5.3%	+4
Hydro	7.62	4%	+1.9
Wind	3.41	1.8%	+1.6
Oil	0.14	0.1%	−0.4
Total	188	100%

Thailand: electricity in context

Power plants in Thailand produced 188 TWh of electricity in 2025. That is about 0.6% of the world total, in the same league as Pakistan. Natural gas dominates the mix with 65.5%, followed by coal at 17.8% and bioenergy at 5.4%.

16.6% of the country’s power came from renewable sources: 119th of 158 countries (in the bottom quarter). That is 17 points below the world average of 33.8%. It is also below the average for Asia (27.3%). Generating one kWh emits about 546 g CO₂e here (world average: 458 g). The grid is more carbon-intensive than the world average. In the cleanest-grid ranking, Thailand is 111th of 158.

Since 2015, the fastest-growing source has been solar power: its output rose by 7.6 TWh, lifting its share by 4 percentage points. The biggest decline came from natural gas (−5.2 TWh). The net effect: renewables gained 8.8 percentage points of share since 2015. Total generation grew by 10.4 TWh over the same period. Carbon intensity dropped from 597 to 546 g/kWh, a 9% cut.

Coal supplies 17.8% of electricity. That is 1.6 percentage points less than in 2015. The peak was 27.5% in 1991.

Solar (5.3%) and wind (1.8%) now add up to 7.1% of generation; the global figure is 17.3%. Per person, that is 139 kWh of solar electricity a year, versus a global average of 338 kWh. Solar first passed 1% of the mix in 2014.

Generation per person is 2,628 kWh a year, 68% of the world average of 3,860 kWh. Thailand is a net importer of electricity, buying 36.9 TWh more than it sells, about 16% of its demand.

How the power mix has changed

Electricity generation by source since 1985. Switch to shares to see the structural shift independent of demand growth.

Electricity generation by source, 1985–2025

Renewables and carbon intensity

Thailand against the world and Asia averages.

Renewable share of electricity (%)

Carbon intensity (g CO₂e/kWh)

Solar and wind share of electricity since 2000 (%)

Total energy: beyond electricity

Primary energy covers transport, heating and industry too. Renewables supply 7.4% of primary energy and fossil fuels 92.6% (2024). Per person, that is 19,825 kWh a year (world: 21,654).

Primary energy consumption by source (TWh)

Substitution method: non-fossil electricity is converted to the primary energy a fossil plant would have needed.

Fossil fuel production (TWh)

Domestic extraction of coal, gas and oil, in energy terms.

Power plants in Thailand

The 196 power plants recorded in Thailand add up to 39.7 GW of capacity, 73% of it Gas. The largest is Bang Pakong at 4,384 MW. The database was last updated in 2021, so newer wind and solar farms and rooftop PV are under-represented.

Listed capacity by fuel (MW)

Map of the largest plants loads when you scroll here…

Largest power plants

#	Plant	Fuel	Capacity MW	Commissioned	Owner
1	Bang Pakong	Gas	4,384	—	Electric Generating Authority of Thailand
2	Ratchaburi (RATCHGEN)	Gas	3,645	—	Ratchaburi Electric Generating Company
3	Mae Mah	Coal	2,400	1995	Electric Generating Authority of Thailand
4	Wang Noi	Gas	2,027	—	Electric Generating Authority of Thailand
5	South Bangkok	Gas	1,691	1971	Electric Generating Authority of Thailand
6	Nong Saeng	Gas	1,600	2014	J-Power
7	Rojana Power Plant 1	Gas	1,600	2015	J-Power
8	Chana	Gas	1,531	—	Electric Generating Authority of Thailand
9	Kaeng Khoi 2	Gas	1,468	2008	EGCO
10	Ratchaburi Power (RPCL)	Gas	1,400	2008	Ratchaburi Electric Generating Company
11	BLCP Power	Coal	1,346	2007	EGCO
12	Rayong	Gas	1,232	1994	EGCO
13	Lam Ta Khong	Hydro	1,000	2002	Electric Generating Authority of Thailand
14	Khanom	Gas	748	1996	EGCO
15	Bhumibol	Hydro	744	—	Electric Generating Authority of Thailand

Source: WRI Global Power Plant Database v1.3 (CC BY 4.0). Explore all 196 plants on the interactive power plant map.

Solar & wind farms: Thailand

659 utility-scale facilities tracked by Global Energy Monitor (2026): 4.7 GW of solar and 2.1 GW of wind operating, plus 3.7 GW under construction or planned.

See them on the map Largest solar & wind farms: Thailand →

How does Thailand compare?

Thailand next to 6 neighbouring countries, plus regional and world averages. Click a column to sort; use “Compare” for full side-by-side charts.

Country	Renewable %	Low-carbon %	Fossil %	gCO₂/kWh	kWh / person	Generation TWh
Thailand	16.6%	16.6%	83.4%	546	2,628	188	—
Malaysia	20.7%	20.7%	79.3%	602	5,589	201	Compare
Laos	76.7%	76.7%	23.3%	232	6,733	52.3	Compare
Myanmar	47.9%	47.9%	52.1%	503	398	21.7	Compare
Cambodia	40.9%	40.9%	59.1%	499	995	17.8	Compare
Vietnam	45.4%	45.4%	54.6%	461	3,051	310	Compare
Bangladesh	2.1%	2.1%	97.9%	696	589	103	Compare
Asia average	27.3%	32.1%	67.9%	573	3,749	18,015	Compare
World average	33.8%	42.6%	57.4%	458	3,860	31,772	Compare

Calculators for Thailand

Solar panel outputHow much a rooftop PV system would produce in Bangkok, using NASA weather data.Prefilled for Bangkok →Wind turbine energyAnnual energy and capacity factor of a turbine near Bangkok.Prefilled for Bangkok →Electricity CO₂Emissions of your electricity use. The grid here averages 546 g/kWh.Calculate emissions →Compare countriesPut Thailand side by side with Malaysia or up to three others.Open comparator →

Thailand energy: frequently asked questions

What percentage of electricity in Thailand is renewable?

In 2025, 16.6% of the electricity in Thailand came from renewable sources (bioenergy 5.4%, solar 5.3%, hydro 4%, and wind 1.8%). The world average is 33.8%. Thailand ranks 119th of 158 countries; see the full ranking.

What is the main source of electricity in Thailand?

Natural gas is the largest source of electricity in Thailand, providing 65.5% of generation in 2025, followed by coal (17.8%) and bioenergy (5.4%).

How clean is the electricity in Thailand?

Electricity in Thailand has a carbon intensity of about 546 g CO₂-equivalent per kWh (2025), against a world average of 458 g/kWh. That is fairly carbon-intensive. Charging an electric car that uses 15 kWh/100 km therefore emits around 82 g CO₂e per km from electricity.

Does Thailand have nuclear power?

No. Thailand generated no nuclear electricity in 2025; its low-carbon electricity comes entirely from renewable sources (16.6% of generation).

How much electricity does Thailand use per person?

Thailand generates about 2,628 kWh of electricity per person per year (2025), compared with a world average of 3,860 kWh. Including all fuels for transport, heating and industry, primary energy use is about 19,825 kWh per person.

How much solar power does Thailand produce?

Solar panels produced 10 TWh in 2025, 5.3% of the electricity in Thailand. The solar share is up 4 percentage points in ten years. You can estimate what a rooftop system would produce at your address with our solar panel calculator.

Does Thailand import electricity?

Yes. Thailand was a net importer in 2025, importing 36.9 TWh more electricity than it exported.

Sources & references

Our World in Data: Energy dataset (CC BY 4.0) — compiled from the sources below
Ember: Yearly Electricity Data — generation, shares, carbon intensity
Energy Institute: Statistical Review of World Energy — primary energy, fossil production
U.S. Energy Information Administration: International Energy Data — gap-filling for smaller countries
World Resources Institute: Global Power Plant Database v1.3 (CC BY 4.0) — power plant locations and capacity

Electricity data: Ember and Energy Institute Statistical Review via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0); latest year 2025. Power plants: WRI Global Power Plant Database (CC BY 4.0). Rankings exclude systems under 1 TWh and values older than 2020. Figures may be revised by the original publishers.