Türkiye energy mix & electricity
Power plants in Türkiye produced 354 TWh of electricity in 2025. The mix is unusually balanced. coal leads with just 34.3%, closely followed by natural gas (22.1%) and hydropower (16.2%).
Electricity generation by source in 2025
Share of electricity generation by source, with the change in percentage points over the last ten years.
| Source | TWh | Share | 10-yr Δ pp |
|---|---|---|---|
| Coal | 121 | 34.3% | +5.2 |
| Gas | 78.36 | 22.1% | −15.8 |
| Hydro | 57.27 | 16.2% | −9.5 |
| Wind | 39.42 | 11.1% | +6.7 |
| Solar | 37.25 | 10.5% | +10.5 |
| Other renewables | 10.65 | 3% | +1.7 |
| Bioenergy | 8.48 | 2.4% | +1.9 |
| Oil | 1.03 | 0.3% | −0.8 |
| Total | 354 | 100% |
Türkiye: electricity in context
Power plants in Türkiye produced 354 TWh of electricity in 2025. That is about 1.1% of the world total, in the same league as Mexico. The mix is unusually balanced. coal leads with just 34.3%, closely followed by natural gas (22.1%) and hydropower (16.2%).
43.3% of the country’s power came from renewable sources: 70th of 158 countries. That is 9 points above the world average of 33.8%. It is also above the average for Asia (27.3%). Generating one kWh emits about 475 g CO₂e here (world average: 458 g). The grid is more carbon-intensive than the world average. In the cleanest-grid ranking, Türkiye is 90th of 158.
Over the past decade coal added more generation than any other source (+45.2 TWh since 2015, plus 5.2 percentage points of share). In share terms the biggest gainer was solar power (up 10.5 percentage points). The biggest decline came from natural gas (−20.9 TWh). The net effect: renewables gained 11.3 percentage points of share since 2015. Total generation grew by 92.1 TWh over the same period. Carbon intensity dropped from 505 to 475 g/kWh, a 6% cut.
Unusually, coal is gaining ground: its share is up 5.2 percentage points since 2015, now at 34.3%.
Solar (10.5%) and wind (11.1%) now add up to 21.7% of generation; the global figure is 17.3%. Per person, that is 425 kWh of solar electricity a year, 1.3× the global average. In solar electricity per person, Türkiye ranks 35th in the world. Wind adds 450 kWh per person, the 30th-highest figure of 156 countries. Solar first passed 1% of the mix in 2018.
Generation per person is 4,036 kWh a year, close to the world average of 3,860 kWh. Imports and exports roughly cancel out.
How the power mix has changed
Electricity generation by source since 1985. Switch to shares to see the structural shift independent of demand growth.
Renewables and carbon intensity
Türkiye against the world and Asia averages.
Total energy: beyond electricity
Primary energy covers transport, heating and industry too. Renewables supply 19.8% of primary energy and fossil fuels 80.2% (2024). Per person, that is 23,928 kWh a year (world: 21,654).
Substitution method: non-fossil electricity is converted to the primary energy a fossil plant would have needed.
Domestic extraction of coal, gas and oil, in energy terms.
Power plants in Türkiye
The 163 power plants recorded in Türkiye add up to 51.4 GW of capacity, 34% of it Coal. The largest is Afşin Elbistan Termik Santrali at 2,795 MW. The database was last updated in 2021, so newer wind and solar farms and rooftop PV are under-represented.
Largest power plants
| # | Plant | Fuel | Capacity MW | Commissioned | Owner |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Afşin Elbistan Termik Santrali | Coal | 2,795 | — | EÜAŞ |
| 2 | Atatürk Dam | Hydro | 2,400 | — | — |
| 3 | Zonguldak Eren (ZETES) | Coal | 2,090 | — | Eren Enerji |
| 4 | Karakaya Dam | Hydro | 1,800 | — | — |
| 5 | Enka Gebze Doğalgaz Santrali | Gas | 1,595 | — | Enka Elektrik |
| 6 | Enka İzmir Doğalgaz Santrali | Gas | 1,520 | — | Enka Elektrik |
| 7 | Bursa Doğalgaz Santrali | Gas | 1,432 | — | EÜAŞ |
| 8 | Ambarlı B Doğalgaz Santrali | Gas | 1,351 | — | EÜAŞ |
| 9 | Keban Dam | Hydro | 1,330 | — | — |
| 10 | Cenal power station | Coal | 1,320 | 2017 | Cenal Elektrik |
| 11 | İsken Sugözü power station | Coal | 1,210 | — | OYAK |
| 12 | Ilısu Dam | Hydro | 1,200 | — | — |
| 13 | İskenderun Atlas Termik Santrali | Coal | 1,200 | — | Diler Holding Enerji Grubu |
| 14 | İÇDAŞ Bekirli-2 power station | Coal | 1,200 | — | İÇDAŞ Elektrik |
| 15 | İÇDAŞ Biga Termik Santrali | Coal | 1,200 | — | İÇDAŞ Elektrik |
Source: WRI Global Power Plant Database v1.3 (CC BY 4.0). Explore all 163 plants on the interactive power plant map.
Solar & wind farms: Türkiye
3,254 utility-scale facilities tracked by Global Energy Monitor (2026): 16.3 GW of solar and 14 GW of wind operating, plus 7 GW under construction or planned.
How does Türkiye compare?
Türkiye next to 6 neighbouring countries, plus regional and world averages. Click a column to sort; use “Compare” for full side-by-side charts.
| Country | Renewable % | Low-carbon % | Fossil % | gCO₂/kWh | kWh / person | Generation TWh | Mix | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Türkiye | 43.3% | 43.3% | 56.7% | 475 | 4,036 | 354 | — | |
| Syria | 3.5% | 3.5% | 96.5% | 706 | 1,008 | 24.9 | Compare | |
| Bulgaria | 32.8% | 71.9% | 28.1% | 276 | 5,653 | 38 | Compare | |
| Iraq | 1.6% | 1.6% | 98.4% | 683 | 3,252 | 150 | Compare | |
| Azerbaijan | 12.1% | 12.1% | 87.9% | 632 | 2,702 | 28.1 | Compare | |
| Greece | 49.7% | 49.7% | 50.3% | 315 | 5,863 | 58.3 | Compare | |
| Iran | 3.8% | 5.7% | 94.3% | 660 | 4,283 | 396 | Compare | |
| Asia average | 27.3% | 32.1% | 67.9% | 573 | 3,749 | 18,015 | Compare | |
| World average | 33.8% | 42.6% | 57.4% | 458 | 3,860 | 31,772 | Compare |
Calculators for Türkiye
Türkiye energy: frequently asked questions
What percentage of electricity in Türkiye is renewable?
What is the main source of electricity in Türkiye?
How clean is the electricity in Türkiye?
Does Türkiye have nuclear power?
How much electricity does Türkiye use per person?
How much solar power does Türkiye produce?
Does Türkiye import electricity?
More countries in Asia
Sources & references
- Our World in Data: Energy dataset (CC BY 4.0) — compiled from the sources below
- Ember: Yearly Electricity Data — generation, shares, carbon intensity
- Energy Institute: Statistical Review of World Energy — primary energy, fossil production
- U.S. Energy Information Administration: International Energy Data — gap-filling for smaller countries
- World Resources Institute: Global Power Plant Database v1.3 (CC BY 4.0) — power plant locations and capacity
Electricity data: Ember and Energy Institute Statistical Review via Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0); latest year 2025. Power plants: WRI Global Power Plant Database (CC BY 4.0). Rankings exclude systems under 1 TWh and values older than 2020. Figures may be revised by the original publishers.