Countries ranked by primary energy use per person

Primary energy per capita counts every fuel a country consumes (oil for transport, gas for heating, coal for industry and all electricity sources) divided by population. Our World in Data uses the "substitution method", so nuclear and renewable electricity are scaled up to the fossil fuel that would have been needed to produce it.

The global average is about 21,000 kWh per person per year; the spread between countries is more than a hundredfold.

Ranking rule. Countries and territories that generate less than 1 TWh of electricity a year (mostly small islands) are left out, because one diesel generator or one solar farm can swing their shares by tens of points. Values older than 2020 are also excluded.